Digital biomarkers library
Every health measure a wearable or sensor can produce, in one place. What each one is, how it is captured, how strong the evidence behind it is, and which clinical questionnaire it complements.
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What is a digital biomarker?
A digital biomarker is a physiological or behavioural measure captured by a sensor, wearable or connected device and turned by an algorithm into a defined number. Gait speed from a wrist accelerometer, sleep efficiency from an actigraph and atrial fibrillation burden from a wearable ECG are all digital biomarkers. What separates them from raw sensor data is that algorithm: it converts a stream of readings into a measure with a unit, a plausible range and a known error against a reference method.
The library above lists the measures WeGuide sees in research use, grouped by health domain and by condition. Each entry explains what the measure is, which devices produce it, how strong the evidence behind it currently is, and which clinic questionnaire it complements.
How to read the evidence on each measure
Digital biomarkers do not all carry the same weight of proof, and the gap matters when you are choosing what to collect. Every entry here is graded with the V3 framework used across the digital measurement field. Verification asks whether the sensor records accurately. Analytical validation asks whether the algorithm reproduces a reference standard such as polysomnography or an instrumented gait mat. Clinical validation asks whether the resulting measure tracks something that matters to patients or clinicians.
A measure can be strong at one level and untested at the next, which is why the three are shown separately rather than combined into a single score. Regulatory precedent exists at the top of that scale: stride velocity 95th centile became the first wearable derived measure accepted by the EMA as a primary endpoint, in July 2023, for Duchenne muscular dystrophy studies. Most measures sit well below that bar, and the library says so rather than rounding up.
For how validation studies are designed and reported, see our guide to digital biomarkers in clinical trials.
Digital biomarker or digital endpoint?
The two terms are often used as if they meant the same thing. A digital biomarker is the measure itself. A digital endpoint is a digital biomarker that a study has adopted as an outcome, with a prespecified definition, an analysis plan and a stated clinical meaning attached to it. Every digital endpoint starts as a digital biomarker, and most digital biomarkers never become endpoints. If you are deciding which measures to collect, start with this library. If you are deciding what your study will be judged on, read our guide to digital endpoints in clinical trials.
Collecting these measures in a study
WeGuide Biomarkers is the platform behind this library. It collects wearable and sensor data alongside patient reported outcomes inside a single study, so a measure listed here can be run as part of a real protocol rather than assembled from separate tools afterwards. Many of these measures are validated against questionnaires that are already documented in our instruments library.
