The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale

This tool assesses current depression symptoms across the general population. Researchers use it to monitor mental health trends and identify people who may require professional support.

Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D) PDF assessment form
CES-D

Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale

The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D) is a short self-report tool used to measure depressive symptoms in the general population. With 20 items assessing feelings over the past week, it's a reliable way to screen for depression in research and clinical settings.

Category

Mental health
Wellbeing
Diagnostic

Disease

Mental Health
Assessment
Public Health

Source

(Radloff, 1977)

Author Name

Radloff, L.S. (1977)

What is Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale

The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale, or CES-D, is a trusted tool for checking depressive symptoms in the general population. This self-report survey features 20 simple items that ask about how you have felt over the past week. It looks at current feelings instead of a full clinical diagnosis. Participants rate statements on a four-point scale ranging from rarely or none of the time to most or all of the time. The questions cover key areas like restless sleep, poor appetite, feelings of loneliness, and general sadness to build a clear picture of your mental state. It is really handy for researchers and clinicians because it is quick to finish in about five to ten minutes. While it does not diagnose depression on its own, it is a top choice for screening large groups or tracking mood changes over time. This makes it a practical option for many community health studies.

CES-D Scoring

The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale can be scored using one main approach: total summation. First, assign values from 0 to 3 for each of the 20 items based on frequency of feelings. You'll need to flip the scores for the four positive questions so higher numbers reflect more depressive symptoms. Once that is sorted, add everything up to get a total between 0 and 60. A result of 16 or more typically flags a risk of clinical depression, giving clinicians a clear sign to investigate further.

View scoring form

Advantages

Research validity

Strengthens evidence through systematic measurement approaches.

Efficient collection

Streamlines research data gathering process.

Wide applicability

Serves diverse clinical needs effectively.

10
Minutes
20
Questions

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